Get Help For Your Essay Using the Internet

Get Help For Your Essay Using the InternetThe Internet has opened up a whole new world for teachers and students alike. Gone are the days when one had to go back to a classroom and face a teacher alone. Now, students can seek out help through the Internet and work with their teachers from the comfort of their own homes.These days, even teenagers have smartphones to access the Internet. The joy of being connected to the Internet means that you have the opportunity to get expert academic writing help through the Internet. Now, there is no excuse for students to lose track of their studies.Today, the Internet is everywhere. You can surf the Internet or surf on your computer from the comfort of your home, while waiting for a bus, driving, and even sitting in the bathroom. There are numerous websites on the Internet that offer online writing help. Some offer basic assistance but for those who are serious about getting academic writing help online, there are many more that offer advanced a ssistance, specially written for teachers.These websites offer access to experienced writers to help students with their assignments and papers. The writers on these websites help the students with their academic writing assignments by providing suggestions on how to write better. They even help students manage their research and tests with certain software that analyses the test scores, grade schedules, and other information to determine the right score.Online writers on these websites help students write their essay very effectively by providing tips on how to create a good first draft. It's not just the first draft that students want to improve; they also want a good essay to end with, so they can become a published author.The writers on these websites help to improve students' writing skills by giving easy access to online tutorials and reviews. They offer constructive criticism, so students can be able to get a better understanding of their assignments and thesis. If students d on't want to go back to the difficult task of reading through their work, they can at least receive feedback and get suggestions on how to improve their essays.The writers on these websites provide students with good academic writing help by making sure that they have studied well on their assignments. They also offer tutoring services for students who need guidance on how to make their essays interesting and creative. Online writers on these websites are capable of making use of modern technology to provide students with expert assistance that can enhance their academic writing skills.

Essay on Using the Power of both Phonics and Whole Language

Whichever way you learned to read, chances are you never knew what the terms â€Å"phonics† or â€Å"whole language† meant. However, these are the terms that are at opposite ends of an on-going debate over the best way to teach children how to read. â€Å"Simply stated, supporters of the whole language approach think childrens literature, writing activities, and communication activities can be used across the curriculum to teach reading; backers of phonics instruction insist that a direct, sequential mode of teaching enables students to master reading in an organized way† (Cromwell, 1997). Critics of phonics claim that the curriculum is too boring, that the endless worksheets will turn children away from the joy that could be reading and writing.†¦show more content†¦Children learn, memorize, and apply rules, formulas, and patterns of reading and speech (Curtis, 1997; Wiber, 2002). This approach has also been called a â€Å"bottom-up† approach because the teachers believe that by focusing on the smaller parts and equipping children with the ability to figure out new words, meaning and comprehension will follow. The strong supporters on this side of the debate want phonics taught in an intensive and systematic manner (Strickland, 1998). These phonics supporters criticize whole language, claiming that the approach is too disorganized and phonics taught in such an incidental manner that some children will never have the right tools to learn to read well (Cromwell, 1997). There are many advantages to using phonics. Children who learn to read by using phonics generally have better pronunciation, spelling, and word recognition. They have been given a tool that can be used over and over again while reading and writing, without having to memorize vocabulary and spelling of the words (Curtis, 1997). There are also many examples of how explicit, intensive and systematic phonics can work well in classrooms. One of these examples is the reading program developed in California. After years of implementing whole language instruction in their classrooms, reading scores in the state dropped to be among the nation’s worst.Show MoreRelatedThe Promotion Of Oral Language1561 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation available on how children learn language and become literate (Fountas Pinnell, 1996). But the grounding for all progression, as asserted by Browne (2001) is that ‘learning to read and write are founded upon children’s oral language†¦pupi ls learning depends on growing competence in language modes (read and write) which grow out of their ability to speak and listen’. This is also advocated by Fricke et al (2013:280) stating that the promotion of oral language skills are a secure foundation to buildRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Teaching Rimes With Shared Reading 1369 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Allington also concluded the importance of shared reading experiences for our students whose second language is English (p. 191). Gill believes â€Å"Teaching onsets and rimes is a better approach to phonics than teaching individual sounds because onsets and rimes are much more consistent than single letters.† (p. 191-192) In the article, â€Å"Ways teachers can help children develop phonics knowledge† written by Constance Weaver, she notes the importance of â€Å"discussing interesting patterns of onsetsRead MoreBecoming a Reflective Teacher of English 1553 Words   |  7 Pageslistening (SL) as a foundation to progress to reading and writing. However, during the module I have discovered the significance of SL, as an integral part of child development and learning beyond the initial formation of words. SL is crucial to language development, which impacts on cognitive, emotional and social development not only in childhood but also throughout life (Brien, 2012). Research indicates that employers’ expectations of literacy levels in school leavers are not being met (CBI, 2011)Read MoreHistory And History Of Reading Instruction1576 Words   |  7 Pageslife, without reading many of us wouldn’t be where we are today. Many important contributions have been made to literacy since the 1600’s. Literacy has been impacted since the pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock and focused on religion. The government both federal and locally have made changes to how literacy would be instructed. Now a day’s literacy has a bigger impact with test like the Florida Standard s Assessment being administered this year where students will no longer need paper and pencil toRead MoreLanguage and Lexicon1352 Words   |  5 Pages Language Lexicon The author of this paper is asked to cover four major questions. First, the author is asked to define language and lexicon. Second, the author is asked to define the key features of language. Third, the author is asked to describe the four levels of language structure and processing. Finally, the author is asked to analyze the role of language processing in cognitive psychology (Stanford, 2013)(Answers, 2013). Define Language Lexicon Language and lexicon are similarRead MoreOral Language Development2978 Words   |  12 PagesChildren develop oral language at a very early age. Almost every sound a human being makes can be considered communication. As children grow up, they are constantly observing and practicing communication and oral language. What they know about oral language has an effect on the development of their literacy skills. Students who had difficulty with early speech communication skills were believed to be at risk for readingÂ…and consequently writing (Montgomery, 1998). Therefore, the developmentRead MoreEssay on Oral Language Development2897 Words   |  12 PagesOral Language Development Children develop oral language at a very early age. Almost every sound a human being makes can be considered communication. As children grow up, they are constantly observing and practicing communication and oral language. What they know about oral language has an effect on the development of their literacy skills. â€Å"Students who had difficulty with early speech communication skills were believed to be at risk for reading†¦and consequently writing† (Montgomery, 1998)Read MoreLiteracy Instruction Data Collection Tool Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards for foundational skills at this grade. B. Students are given time to master the skill(s) taught. C. Assessment of foundational skills is ongoing. D. Instructional modifications are made on basis of ongoing assessment(s). Phonics Fully Evidenced Somewhat Evidenced Not Fully Evidenced Not Observed Comment(s): A. The skill taught is aligned with standards for foundational skills at this grade. B. Students are given time to master the skill(s) taught. C. AssessmentRead MoreThe Lack Of Fluency Within Their Reading Programs2148 Words   |  9 Pagesis the process of translating or transcoding printed words into a spoken language (Pikulski, Chard, 2003). When readers are required to labor over decoding, the focus on expression and comprehension begins to dwindle as the anxiety and loss of interest begins to grow. Think of reading as a battery for a car; the more items turned on in the car (radio, air conditioner, lights, etc†¦), the less energy is used to generate power for the engine. One RR technique used to address the decoding element ofRead MoreHow Can Sharing Children s Literature With Children Help Develop Their Language And Literacy Skills?2501 Words   |  11 Pageschildren’s literature with children help develop their language and literacy skills? Discuss with reference to your background reading and provide examples of good practice from your school experiences. The sharing of children’s literature is of vital importance when it comes to the development of children’s language and literacy skills. Carter (2000) says the sharing of children’s literature is the â€Å"most important† contribution which is made to both children’s self-knowledge and to their literary development

Using Social Media In The Workplace To Communicate †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Using Social Media In The Workplace To Communicate. Answer: Introduction In present days, social media plays an effective role in the workplace. Social media is the place, where the employees and employers can be involved together. This can help to evaluate the communication effectively, where the information can be shared in an effective way. Social media can be used for the personal and professional purpose. According to Collins, Shiffman and Rock (2016), social media can encourage the employees to increase the participation and productivity of the organization. Most of the organizations fail to motivate t he employees for the employee engagement and as a result, the performance of the employees reduces due to ineffective communication. The study focuses on the effectiveness of the social media in case of communicating effectively in the workplace. Usage of social media for effective employee communication As mentioned by Kissel and Bttgen (2015), social media is growing in present days as the effective communication tool. The employers can convey the messages in various platforms so that the employees can understand the messages completely. The message can be shared formally and informally. Social media is the place, where the employees get the chance to know the other employees easily as many employees cannot communicate effectively face- to- face. Social media is one of the best platforms that make the communicating procedure easier to share the information (Vaast Kaganer, 2013). Most of the people do not feel easy to communicate face- to- face, whereas communicating is easier via the social media. Some effective social media sites Seven effective social media sites, which can be used for the communication of employees, are as follows: Face book: Most of the organizations have their own face book pages, where they share the important information about the company. Mainly the HR managers handle those pages, which helps the employees to know about the organization (Charoensukmongkol, 2014). This face book pages helps the employers to be connected with the employees all the time. The information that can be shared is the mission and vision of the organization, designation, benefits, enrollment deadline, policies, regulations, new approaches, and more. It is the best place, where the employees can share their views and discusses about the issues with others (Feeney Welch, 2016). This platform is related with the benefit programs. Yammer: Some of the organizations use enterprise chat service that is known as yammer. It is the internal module of communication. This can allow sharing the information socially via the board or projecting team of the organization. It is an online forum, which is easy to handle. It can be handled via the desktop system or mobile system by downloading the particular application. It cuts down the headache of communicating with the employees and the headache of emails also can be removed. In the workplace of present days, the competition has increased and it is necessary for the employers to always update the employees about everything of the organization. Twitter: twitter is another popular social media site, where the employees can share their views and resolve the queries easily. They can share the important information with the employees and with the wide range of audience. Big organizations like Google, Starbucks, and other big brands use this social media site so that the employees and other eligible candidates can be encouraged to engage in these organizations. Twitter is the best place to promote the organization to attract the employees. The communication way of twitter is faster and easy. The opinion can be share with so many people at a time. LinkedIn: LinkedIn is the best platform for the business owners, where they can create own intranet of the company. This allows the owners to manage the huge numbers of employee groups so that they can share the internal information easily. They can share the internal information of the events as well as important announcements. This can motivate the employees to take part in the effective communication. On the other hand, the employers can be able to solve the issues related to the employees and motivate them to develop skills so that they can utilize the skills in their activities in the workplace. Company Blogs: The company blogs is another platform, which the HR management uses to convey the benefits as well as other information of the organization. It works as the internal mechanism. The employees can get success and can easily access the information. It encourages the employees for the effective communication. It is the best place to conduct the QA sessions. The employees can easily participate in the session.The higher management can easily survey the employees if necessary and also can share the survey report with them easily. Hence, it is beneficial for both the employees and employers. Remote Access: The companies can use the social media to train the employees as well. The employers can arrange virtual training sessions for the focused group of employees. The organization can provide training remotely to the employees in remote time. With the help of the platform, the employees are able to watch the live video and can communicate with the trainers properly (Schultz et al., 2015). This is an effective platform for both the employees and employers and it is very time saving process of training. The employers can inter act with the employees very easily and the employees also are able to share their concern with the hierarchy easily. YouTube: YouTube is another motivating platform for an organization. The two renowned social media platforms, Meerkat and periscope provide the video of their live training, with which the employees can relate. Most of the companies cannot interact with their highermanagement easily and the videos of this platform can solve the issues for them. The employees can watch the online videos of different motivational people and organization. To develop the communication skill, the self- motivation is also necessary, which can be gained by watching such videos (Puijenbroek et al., 2014). The organizations can post the videos so that public can sees those and subscribe the channels for the motivation. It can be expected that the mentioned social media sites can help the employees to develop their communication with others and can utilize the platforms effectively and efficiently. Enabling to interact The usage of the social media sites as well as the mobile technologies allow the employees and the employers also for engaging in the real- time feedback instead of waiting for the annual appraisal meeting. Moreover, the self- motivation is necessary for the improvement of the communication strategies. The employees can take the help of the senior employees and can ask for the training if they need. However, in case of the new recruitment, the training is necessary as they need time to adjust with the working environment (Blaschke, 2014). Hence, they can be a part of the social media group and interact with other employees for the development of the skills and techniques. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be said that social media is a he platform of communication and people can use it to communicate with other employees and employers. Social media can encourage the employees to increase the participation and productivity of the organization. The various platforms of the social media help both the employees and the employers to level up the situation of the organization. Some of the organizations use enterprise chat service that is useful for them and increase the motivation level of the employees and thus the production of the company. References Blaschke, L. M. (2014). Using social media to engage and develop the online learner in self-determined learning.Research in Learning Technology,22(1), 21635. Charoensukmongkol, P. (2014). Effects of support and job demands on social media use and work outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,36, 340-349. Collins, K., Shiffman, D., Rock, J. (2016). How are scientists using social media in the workplace?.PloS one,11(10), e0162680. Feeney, M. K., Welch, E. W. (2016). Technologytask coupling: Exploring social media use and managerial perceptions of e-government.The American Review of Public Administration,46(2), 162-179. Friedman, L. W., Friedman, H. H. (2013). Using social media technologies to enhance online learning.Journal of Educators Online,10(1), n1. Kissel, P., Bttgen, M. (2015). Using social media to communicate employer brand identity: The impact on corporate image and employer attractiveness.Journal ofBrand Management,22(9), 755-777. Puijenbroek, T. V., Poell, R. F., Kroon, B., Timmerman, V. (2014). The effect of social media use on work?related learning.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,30(2), 159-172. Schultz, M. D., Koehler, J. W., Philippe, T. W., Coronel, R. S. (2015). Managing the effects of social media in organizations.SAM Advanced Management Journal,80(2), 42. Vaast, E., Kaganer, E. (2013). Social media affordances and governance in the workplace: An examination of organizational policies.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), 78-101.

Two significant events of Christianity

Introduction In the history and tradition of Christianity, there are two very significant events. One of these is the role played by Martin Luther in the Protestant reformation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two significant events of Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other important concept concerns mysticism in Christian practice. The first part of this paper deals with the role played by Martin Luther in inspiring exodus from the Roman Catholic Church. The second part deals with the practice of Christian mysticism and some of the defenses put forth by mystics. Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation was born in Germany after a catholic monk (Martin Luther) posted rhetorical works popularly referred to as ‘the 95 Theses,’ which appealed for the transformation of the Christian Church (Somervill 96). Martin Luther was born in 1483, in a town known as E isleben, in Germany. He grew to become one of the most influential controversial people in the history of the Church. Though he was relatively unknown in his early years as a monk, Luther gained recognition in 1517 after authoring a manuscript that was perceived to attack some of the doctrines practiced in the Roman Catholic Church such as absolution of sin, which he accused of entailing the purchase of ‘indulgences.’ In his ‘95 Theses,’ Luther emphasized the centrality of the Bible to religious conviction. He asserted that human salvation could be achieved only via faith and not by deeds. That document marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Despite the fact that those ideas existed before Luther, he publicized them at a time when people were ready to challenge the power of the Roman Catholic Church (Hastings 244). At the time of his writing, Christians had started questioning the apparent over the involvement of the papacy in worldly matters r ather than the spiritual needs of his followers. Luther’s, writings significantly transformed the way Christianity was practiced. The nature of the revolution instigated by Luther was literary. In the ’95 Theses,’ Luther argued that the faithful ought to seek God’s forgiveness by faith. That was contrary to the Roman Catholic Church teachings about faith and good works being essential for salvation. He also raised concerns about the authority bestowed upon the Papacy. A different point raised by Luther in his document concerned the equality of Christians in the eyes of the Church. He believed that Christian faithful did not require priests and bishops for the interpretation of the Bible. He tucked the documents to the door of a church in Wittenberg. The author of this paper agrees with Luther that there should be only one source of authority in the Christian faith. This authority is God. All believers are equal in the eyes of the Lord and no one should pe rceive himself better than the other. Christians ought to be allowed to read the Bible on their own and decide for themselves the meanings therein.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even after his excommunication by the pope in 1520, the writings of Luther gained much popularity due to the growing popularity of the printing press in his time. He was put on trial and proclaimed an outlaw by Emperor Charles V after which he had to go into exile. It was during his exile that he interpreted the Bible into German. Most of the changes that Luther advocated for were implemented during his lifetime. For instance, he came from exile and found that priests dressed in regular clothes and were referred to as ministers. Some clergy had even begun to commit to matrimony. Rather than advocate for changes from within the Roman Catholic Church, Luther’s followers started calling themselv es the Lutherans. The message of reform carried by Luther resonated well with various sections of discontented Christians for other reasons besides spirituality. Some western political figures accepted the Lutheran way due to their resentment for the political authority accorded to the papacy. Merchants supported the reform due to their loathing for the taxes imposed by the Roman Catholic Church. In his dissent with some of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, Luther did not consider joining the Eastern Orthodox Church probably due to the similarities in doctrines shared between the denominations. That was despite the fact that he had a relatively positive view of the Orthodox Church. The support was mostly because the Eastern Orthodox Church also denounced priestly celibacy, purgatory, supremacy of the pope, and indulgences among other practices. It was worth noting that some followers of Martin Luther indeed got in touch with the Orthodox Church patriarch Jeremias II. That effort did not bear much fruit and was later abandoned. While Luther’s early texts initiated the Protestant Reformation, he was barely engaged in it through the years that followed. Luther became more atrocious in his opinion claiming that the pope was an antichrist and allowed polygamy based on the Old Testament tradition observed by the patriarchs. However, the most stringent of Luther’s views was his advocacy for the ejection of Jews from Germany, which many people saw as one of the reasons that led to the Holocaust (Bainton 273). During the Holocaust, over one million Jews were killed. The views propagated Jews played a significant role in the way his followers perceived Jews and may have contributed to the Holocaust.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two significant events of Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christian Mysticism The concept of Christian mysticism is used in reference to the growth of mystical traditions and mystical theory within Christianity (McColman 23). Christian mysticism is usually linked with mystical theology that is often practiced in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern orthodox practices. Christian mystics study and practice their faith based on ecstatic visions about the coming together of the human soul with God. They also observe prayerful contemplation of the Bible. In this regard, mysticism means the spirituality offered by seeking direct involvement with God. The life of the mystic is rooted in religion not just as an accepted belief, but on a level in which the believer seeks direct experience with deity. Due to the constant criticism of their unique way of praying and practicing their religion, Christian mystics often feel the need to justify themselves and the authenticity of their practice. They justify their ritualistic ways of offering prayers as a fundamental routine in any religious practice. Prayers such ‘the Lo rd’s prayer’ are traced to the times of Christ, and are used to justify mechanically repeated prayers performed by the mystics. In Mathew 6:7, Jesus reminds his followers not to heap too much praise in prayer like the gentiles and not to use too many words in prayer. Another practice defended by mystics is that of secluded meditation aimed at building a spiritual connection with God. Though some mystical practices such as protracted periods of seclusion and self-annihilation seem extreme, their philosophy of seeking a personal relationship with deity is understandable. The author of this paper perceives Christian mysticism as a noble way of practicing faith in a close and direct experience with God. However, it appears to contradict the Christian doctrine that God resides in all believers. All Christians can obtain experience with God only by believing in Jesus Christ. Christian mysticism appears to want to capture spiritual experiences that cannot be attained by intel lectual techniques or by reading the Bible. It seeks to do this by encouraging its followers to emulate Christ. However, the Bible teaches that likeness to Jesus Christ can only be attained through dying of the self rather than trying to emulate him. 1 Corinthians 2:14 also teaches that spiritual truth can only be understood via the intellect, directed by the Holy Spirit (who dwells in all faithful). The history of the Christian church is adorned with various mystics like Teresa of à vila, who employs allegories of irrigating a garden and taking a tour of the chambers in a castle to illuminate how meditation encourages a union with God. Others like Ignatius Loyola, Johann Arndt and Lorenzo Scupoli play major roles in advocating for meditations and secluded prayer aimed at seeking direct experience with God. Mystic practice in Christianity or any other religion is an indication of devotion and search of spiritual perfection.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, I do not see myself becoming a mystic due to the controversies surrounding their practice. I am a Buddhist who believes in meditation that is not intended for union with deity. Buddhist meditation is a procedure that nurtures and improves awareness, clarity, emotional positivity, and a composed perception of the true makeup of things. Conclusion Martin Luther was undoubtedly one of the most important figures in the history of the Christian church. The role played by his writings in the protestant reformation shaped Christianity as it is practiced today. However, the perceived role played by some of his rhetorical works on the violence witnessed against Jews during the Holocaust was quite unfortunate. This paper also elaborated the practice of Christian mysticism. Though some mystic practices appeared extreme, most of them were geared towards establishing a union with God. Works Cited Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishe rs, 2009. Print. Hastings, Adrian. A World History of Christianity, United Kingdom: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. Print. McColman, Carl. The Big Book of Christian Mysticism: The Essential Guide to Contemplative Spirituality, Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing, 2010. Print. Somervill, Barbara. Martin Luther: Father of the Reformation, Minneapolis: Capstone, 2006. Print. This essay on Two significant events of Christianity was written and submitted by user Adelynn P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use Free Online Research Papers By Roby Lynn Rice In my attempt to discover if delinquency and drug use, or the sale of drugs were correlated with one another, my research lead to a positive correlation, especially when there was gang membership involved. The theory I have chosen to tie in with my review of the articles I found is the social learning theory of Edwin Sutherland known as differential association theory. According to Britannica online, Sutherland’s differential association theory of delinquent behavior is learned from other persons who are also engaged in delinquent behaviors. Sutherland believes that a person becomes delinquent because of an access amount of exposure to the definitions of criminal behavior and the violation of the law (Britannica 2007). This particular belief is a good theory to use to explain juvenile delinquency. Orcutt (1983) explains that Sutherland states that everyone has social groups which influence each of us in the actions that we chose to engage in according to the norms and values o f that group. An example would be that most of our parents teach us that we should respect and obey the law. However, there are those that some people are associated with inside their social network that influence in negative ways, tempting and leading others into deviant behavior. Such as assuring those within a group that certain drugs should not be criminalized and that the chance of getting caught with them is very slim. With enough pressure and continued exposure to that mindset and behavior pattern, an individual whom has not been engaged in certain illegal behaviors becomes involved with those activities that promote the illegal and delinquent behaviors. The behavior referred to in this paper is the use or selling of drugs and its connection with juvenile delinquency and gangs. According to Orcutt (1983), Sutherland does point out that learning of social norms and values does not come from the mass population but for one’s own intimate connections with family and close peers. Orcutt (1983) also tells us that Sutherland states that the learning process of delinquent behavior is the exact same process as it is for the learning of accepted norms and values. When a child learns through his close peers or family members the definitions and techniques for delinquent behavior, that child is more likely than not to act on his/her acquired knowledge when he/she sees the benefits of delinquent behavior as outweighing the disadvantages. An example of this would be delinquency through gang involvement. A study was conducted in Arizona that used data from the Arizona Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program that supported the hypothesis that current gang members were significantly more likely to use drugs (marijuana and cocaine) as compared with former gang members (Katz, Charles M., Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker 2005). The ADAM program is designed to collect data from recently booked arrestees. This data was collected from two counties in Arizona, Maricopa and Pima Counties. It is important to note that only those juveniles that were detained by the police and held were the subjects of this study and not the juveniles that had been released to parents or other responsible parties (Katz et al.2005). According to Katz et al. (2005), the variable used for this study focused on gender, age, and ethnicity along with prior arrests, drug history of respondent and what the current school status of the respondent w as at the time of the study. The questionnaire included questions on the frequency of drug use that covered a 12 month, 30 day and 3 day period for 13 different types of drugs. The respondents were then asked to provide a urine sample that was calibrated to detect drugs ingested within a 72 hour period (Vishner 1991). After the urinalysis was obtained, the respondents were given another questionnaire about affiliation or participation within gangs. The questions asked pertained to level of gang activity in respondent’s neighborhood, organization and structure of gangs in neighborhood, what the characteristics and composition of the gangs are, gang membership and victimization. In order to determine if the respondent was an actual gang member as opposed to respondents that were members of informal gangs, the respondents was asked to reveal the name of the gang they were a member of. If the respondent did not answer with the name of the gang, that respondent was not considere d an actual gang member and therefore not counted (Katz et. al.). The sample consisted of 939 juvenile arrestees, 81% male and 19% female. Within the sample, 25.7% were 14 years of age or younger, 20.3% were 15 years old and 54% were 16 years old or older (Katz et. al.). Gang affiliation / participation were rather high at 52% of all respondents. The findings show that out of a total number of 451 from the sample size of 939, only 11.1% of the respondents that reported drug use or sale of drugs were not affiliated with any type of gang. Whereas 488, 52% of the sample size of 939 were members of, or affiliated with gangs. Of that 488, more than three-quarters reported using or selling drugs (Katz et. al. 2005) In a study conducted to measure the effects of the background and characteristics offenders, we can see how this study supports Sutherland’s theory. This study shows that background characteristics not only help to explain patterns of offending but also serve as a basis as important predictors of types of offending (Armstrong and Britt 2004). This study looks at many different socialization influences in the life of the offender. I am mainly concerned for the purpose of this paper with the correlation of family or peer influence in the participation of delinquency with the use of drugs. Armstrong and Britt (2004) reports that young people from families that are engaged in delinquent and criminal behavior are more at risk of learning and committing crimes at a younger age than juveniles from families that do not participate in delinquent behavior. This supports Sutherland’s differential theory in that a juvenile will do as others in his/her close social group does. Armst rong and Britt (2004) also point out that if a juvenile has just one friend that is involved in delinquent behavior he/she will be at greater risk of committing a delinquent act. According to Armstrong and Britt (2004) juveniles that are associated with a gang are at greater risk of several delinquent behaviors including but not limited to the use or selling of drugs as compared to non-gang members. One hypothesis within this study suggests that when crime is committed in a group (gang) a greater likelihood of specialization / escalation may occur (Armstrong and Britt 2004). The method used for the collection of data for this study was based on aggregate data using the Forward Specialization Coefficient ( FSC) or individual data comparing across demographic characteristics such as age or gender by using a heterogeneity index (Armstrong and Britt 2004). Juveniles held under the supervision of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in the 1980’s participated in this study. According to Armstrong and Britt (2004) two random samples were used. 2,000 wards released in 1981-82 and 2,000 wards released in 1986-87 from the CYA. The sources used for the gathering of the data were from four areas; Youth Authority electronically stored ward data files, the hardcopy ward master Files of the Youth Authority, the Criminal History files of the California Department of Justice and the California Vital Statistics (Armstrong and Britt 2004). It was found that out of the sample (N=2,294) 43.3% of respondents siblings were involved in criminal activity, 27.3% of respon dents caregivers were involved in criminality, 33.3% of respondents parents had an alcohol/drug problem, 41.9 % of respondents were involved with gangs, 80.4 % of respondents had a chemical or drug problem and 64.7% of respondents had a problem with alcohol according to table 1, Characteristics of the Sample (Armstrong and Britt 2004). This study found that gang association increased the odds that the respondent would be involved in violence, drug and alcohol offenses with the odds ratio of drug offense being increased by approximately 1.38. These finding support the hypothesis that juveniles who are gang members are more likely to be involved in drug related offenses than non-gang members. It also supports Sutherland’s theory of differential association. This study also found that characteristics of individuals that predict any criminal behavior also predict type of criminal behavior. The office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) publishes a bulletin called the Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Within that bulletin I was able to locate data that is relevant to delinquency. With concerns mounting about youth gangs, the OJJDP’s Youth Gang Series address many key issues concerning youth gangs which included but was not limited to youth gang drug trafficking (Howell and Gleason 1999). This study is relevant to juvenile delinquency because it is widely believed that gangs are involved in drug sales which lead to the commission of other crimes. Howell and Gleason (1999) used the responses obtained by the National Youth Gang Center (NYGC) in the 1996 National Youth Gang Survey. According to Howell and Gleason (1999) the sample size of 3,024 police and sheriff’s departments received the survey. 87% of the sample size responded with a total of 53% of the respondents reporting a problem with gangs. Respondents reported that 43% of drug sales were conducted by gang members in their jurisdiction, 57% reported that they had active gangs, and in jurisdictions that included drug gangs 41% of respondents said that more than half (or all) of drug distribution was managed and controlled by gangs (Howell and Gleason 1999). Howell and Gleason (1999) found that the largest age group of gang members was 15-17 years old. It was also found that in areas that respondents reported that gangs did not control drug distribution, 79% of gang members were juveniles, 17 years old or younger. And in areas that reported drug distribution being controlled by gangs, 42% of gang members were 17 or younger and 58% of gang members were 18 and older. Though this study found that when gang members were involved in the sale of drugs, they were also usually involved in the distribution as well and is widespread, according to Howell and Gleason (1999), however, it is central to a very small number of jurisdictions. In conclusion, it is very apparent that the people we are socialized by as children have a huge impact on the behaviors we adopt as individuals according to our learned norms and values. I have also found that while gang drug activity is relegated to a small number of jurisdictions, it does support the hypothesis that juveniles that are associated with gangs are more likely than non-gang members to be involved with the use, selling and distribution of drugs. I have also learned that while a juvenile’s drug activity was apparent as a gang member, which was not usually the case either before joining the gang or after departing from the gang. This again supports Sutherland’s differential association theory that we tend to adopt the norms and values of those we are being socialized with. References Armstrong, Todd A. and Chester L. Britt. 2004. â€Å"The Effect of Offender Characteristics On Offense Specialization And Escalation.† Justice Quarterly 21 (4): 843-876 Howell, James C. and Debra K. Gleason. 1999. â€Å"Youth Gang Drug Trafficking.† Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Retrieved November 15, 2007 (ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1 /ojjdp/178282.pdf) Katz, Charles M., Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker. 2005 â€Å"Using The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program To Further Understand The Relationship Between Drug Use And Gang Membership.† Justice Quarterly 22 (1): 58-88 Orcutt, James D. 1983. â€Å"Analyzing Deviance†. Pp 153-163. Retrieved November 18, 2007 (http://deviance.socprobs.net/Unit_3/Theory/DA.htm) Sutherland, Edwin. 2007. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: britannica.com/eb/article- 9343984 Vishner,C. 1991. â€Å"A Comparison of Urinalysis Technologies For Drug Testing In Criminal Justice.† Washington DC : National Institute Of Justice, cited in Charles M. Katz, Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker. 2005. â€Å"Using The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program To Further Understand The Relationship Between Drug Use and Gang Membership.† Justice Quarterly 22 (1) 58-88 Research Papers on The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK SUPERMARKET RETAIL SECTOR Case Study

AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK SUPERMARKET RETAIL SECTOR - Case Study Example The industry is structured in a way that the supply chain is well defined. However major players in the sector who control its operation are the consumers, suppliers, distributors. However the retailers dominate this chain of supply in the industry. The main structural feature of the retail sector in the UK is the centralized production and a defined distribution chain. (Griffith and Harmgart, 2008) Sources of supply Due to the diverse nature of products that are sold in the retail industry in the UK, there are also various sources of raw material for the industry. These sources are both national sources and international sources. This depends on the nature of the products that are being sold in the industry. There are those raw materials which can be sourced from within the nation but there are others that will have to be important. Although some raw materials can be sourced within the UK, the supply does not equal the demand and hence the industry is forced to import from other countries. Most of the manufactured products are sourced from within the local industry. There are various industries in the UK which produced at a competitive rate in the market. However other sectors like the food sector imports most of its raw material since the UK is not endowed in some of the agricultural products. Most of the agricultural products that are produced in the tropical region are imported into the retail market in the UK which forms another supply chain. Agricultural products like tea, flowers, coffee, and other horticultural products and not produced in the UK and are imported from countries like India, Kenya, and from other countries. The service sector in the UK has been seeking services of professionals...As a result there has been increased demand for goods at the retail level. One of the peculiar characteristics that have been witnessed in the UK retail industry is the change in loyalty that customers had earlier held to certain brands of commodity. Apparently, there is a change in the way customers are buying goods and the increased entrance of many players in the retail market has affected the way retail traders conduct their business. Increased competition has seen increased innovation in the industry with shops struggling to hold customers. Customers to the retail industry include those coming from the middle class. Apparently the middle class has been described as the driver of economies since it takes less measures in the way it consumers. Improved economy has seen increased income in the middle class which ahs continued to change with the changing global culture. Like in all other countries, the tide of globalization has brought a change in the culture of the people and more and more people are becoming conscious of what the market can offer. The global culture has also changed towards a spending culture and more and more people are spending in the market. Apparently there has been increased demand in some product while there is decreasing demand of other products.

Creative Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Exercise - Essay Example Instead, the government will rely on the business license renewals, sales taxes, real estate taxes, and other non-individual tax revenues for its operation. I will lead them into a world where education is of the utmost importance and yet costs the parent very little to spend on. It wont be hard to do this because the child will be home schooled by their parents, using the internet as the basis of their classroom setting. Standardized testing of the child will be done by the Department of Education thus, only the testing fees shall be charged as additional government revenue. The test will be the prerequisite to moving on to the next level of education just as in a regular school. The world that I envision is one where people will not want nor lack for anything because all the taxes collected shall go towards providing with public with as much free services as possible. This will include free medical services with nominal fees charged for major operations and procedures. Mine shall be a world with a government that is down-scaled because only the most necessary government offices shall be in place. Redundancy will not exist because government agencies will know how to multitask in the service of the people. The Utopian world that I shall lead the people to will take them back to the simpler times when people grew their own food and farming was the proud way of life that people used to sustain themselves. It is a world where sharing is the key to survival , not money. Of course I shall lead them towards this type of world and lifestyle to the best of my abilities. Whether I successfully lead them or not will depend upon whether they are willing to make sacrifices in order to achieve the utopian society that I will strive to create for everyone