The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use Free Online Research Papers By Roby Lynn Rice In my attempt to discover if delinquency and drug use, or the sale of drugs were correlated with one another, my research lead to a positive correlation, especially when there was gang membership involved. The theory I have chosen to tie in with my review of the articles I found is the social learning theory of Edwin Sutherland known as differential association theory. According to Britannica online, Sutherland’s differential association theory of delinquent behavior is learned from other persons who are also engaged in delinquent behaviors. Sutherland believes that a person becomes delinquent because of an access amount of exposure to the definitions of criminal behavior and the violation of the law (Britannica 2007). This particular belief is a good theory to use to explain juvenile delinquency. Orcutt (1983) explains that Sutherland states that everyone has social groups which influence each of us in the actions that we chose to engage in according to the norms and values o f that group. An example would be that most of our parents teach us that we should respect and obey the law. However, there are those that some people are associated with inside their social network that influence in negative ways, tempting and leading others into deviant behavior. Such as assuring those within a group that certain drugs should not be criminalized and that the chance of getting caught with them is very slim. With enough pressure and continued exposure to that mindset and behavior pattern, an individual whom has not been engaged in certain illegal behaviors becomes involved with those activities that promote the illegal and delinquent behaviors. The behavior referred to in this paper is the use or selling of drugs and its connection with juvenile delinquency and gangs. According to Orcutt (1983), Sutherland does point out that learning of social norms and values does not come from the mass population but for one’s own intimate connections with family and close peers. Orcutt (1983) also tells us that Sutherland states that the learning process of delinquent behavior is the exact same process as it is for the learning of accepted norms and values. When a child learns through his close peers or family members the definitions and techniques for delinquent behavior, that child is more likely than not to act on his/her acquired knowledge when he/she sees the benefits of delinquent behavior as outweighing the disadvantages. An example of this would be delinquency through gang involvement. A study was conducted in Arizona that used data from the Arizona Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program that supported the hypothesis that current gang members were significantly more likely to use drugs (marijuana and cocaine) as compared with former gang members (Katz, Charles M., Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker 2005). The ADAM program is designed to collect data from recently booked arrestees. This data was collected from two counties in Arizona, Maricopa and Pima Counties. It is important to note that only those juveniles that were detained by the police and held were the subjects of this study and not the juveniles that had been released to parents or other responsible parties (Katz et al.2005). According to Katz et al. (2005), the variable used for this study focused on gender, age, and ethnicity along with prior arrests, drug history of respondent and what the current school status of the respondent w as at the time of the study. The questionnaire included questions on the frequency of drug use that covered a 12 month, 30 day and 3 day period for 13 different types of drugs. The respondents were then asked to provide a urine sample that was calibrated to detect drugs ingested within a 72 hour period (Vishner 1991). After the urinalysis was obtained, the respondents were given another questionnaire about affiliation or participation within gangs. The questions asked pertained to level of gang activity in respondent’s neighborhood, organization and structure of gangs in neighborhood, what the characteristics and composition of the gangs are, gang membership and victimization. In order to determine if the respondent was an actual gang member as opposed to respondents that were members of informal gangs, the respondents was asked to reveal the name of the gang they were a member of. If the respondent did not answer with the name of the gang, that respondent was not considere d an actual gang member and therefore not counted (Katz et. al.). The sample consisted of 939 juvenile arrestees, 81% male and 19% female. Within the sample, 25.7% were 14 years of age or younger, 20.3% were 15 years old and 54% were 16 years old or older (Katz et. al.). Gang affiliation / participation were rather high at 52% of all respondents. The findings show that out of a total number of 451 from the sample size of 939, only 11.1% of the respondents that reported drug use or sale of drugs were not affiliated with any type of gang. Whereas 488, 52% of the sample size of 939 were members of, or affiliated with gangs. Of that 488, more than three-quarters reported using or selling drugs (Katz et. al. 2005) In a study conducted to measure the effects of the background and characteristics offenders, we can see how this study supports Sutherland’s theory. This study shows that background characteristics not only help to explain patterns of offending but also serve as a basis as important predictors of types of offending (Armstrong and Britt 2004). This study looks at many different socialization influences in the life of the offender. I am mainly concerned for the purpose of this paper with the correlation of family or peer influence in the participation of delinquency with the use of drugs. Armstrong and Britt (2004) reports that young people from families that are engaged in delinquent and criminal behavior are more at risk of learning and committing crimes at a younger age than juveniles from families that do not participate in delinquent behavior. This supports Sutherland’s differential theory in that a juvenile will do as others in his/her close social group does. Armst rong and Britt (2004) also point out that if a juvenile has just one friend that is involved in delinquent behavior he/she will be at greater risk of committing a delinquent act. According to Armstrong and Britt (2004) juveniles that are associated with a gang are at greater risk of several delinquent behaviors including but not limited to the use or selling of drugs as compared to non-gang members. One hypothesis within this study suggests that when crime is committed in a group (gang) a greater likelihood of specialization / escalation may occur (Armstrong and Britt 2004). The method used for the collection of data for this study was based on aggregate data using the Forward Specialization Coefficient ( FSC) or individual data comparing across demographic characteristics such as age or gender by using a heterogeneity index (Armstrong and Britt 2004). Juveniles held under the supervision of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in the 1980’s participated in this study. According to Armstrong and Britt (2004) two random samples were used. 2,000 wards released in 1981-82 and 2,000 wards released in 1986-87 from the CYA. The sources used for the gathering of the data were from four areas; Youth Authority electronically stored ward data files, the hardcopy ward master Files of the Youth Authority, the Criminal History files of the California Department of Justice and the California Vital Statistics (Armstrong and Britt 2004). It was found that out of the sample (N=2,294) 43.3% of respondents siblings were involved in criminal activity, 27.3% of respon dents caregivers were involved in criminality, 33.3% of respondents parents had an alcohol/drug problem, 41.9 % of respondents were involved with gangs, 80.4 % of respondents had a chemical or drug problem and 64.7% of respondents had a problem with alcohol according to table 1, Characteristics of the Sample (Armstrong and Britt 2004). This study found that gang association increased the odds that the respondent would be involved in violence, drug and alcohol offenses with the odds ratio of drug offense being increased by approximately 1.38. These finding support the hypothesis that juveniles who are gang members are more likely to be involved in drug related offenses than non-gang members. It also supports Sutherland’s theory of differential association. This study also found that characteristics of individuals that predict any criminal behavior also predict type of criminal behavior. The office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) publishes a bulletin called the Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Within that bulletin I was able to locate data that is relevant to delinquency. With concerns mounting about youth gangs, the OJJDP’s Youth Gang Series address many key issues concerning youth gangs which included but was not limited to youth gang drug trafficking (Howell and Gleason 1999). This study is relevant to juvenile delinquency because it is widely believed that gangs are involved in drug sales which lead to the commission of other crimes. Howell and Gleason (1999) used the responses obtained by the National Youth Gang Center (NYGC) in the 1996 National Youth Gang Survey. According to Howell and Gleason (1999) the sample size of 3,024 police and sheriff’s departments received the survey. 87% of the sample size responded with a total of 53% of the respondents reporting a problem with gangs. Respondents reported that 43% of drug sales were conducted by gang members in their jurisdiction, 57% reported that they had active gangs, and in jurisdictions that included drug gangs 41% of respondents said that more than half (or all) of drug distribution was managed and controlled by gangs (Howell and Gleason 1999). Howell and Gleason (1999) found that the largest age group of gang members was 15-17 years old. It was also found that in areas that respondents reported that gangs did not control drug distribution, 79% of gang members were juveniles, 17 years old or younger. And in areas that reported drug distribution being controlled by gangs, 42% of gang members were 17 or younger and 58% of gang members were 18 and older. Though this study found that when gang members were involved in the sale of drugs, they were also usually involved in the distribution as well and is widespread, according to Howell and Gleason (1999), however, it is central to a very small number of jurisdictions. In conclusion, it is very apparent that the people we are socialized by as children have a huge impact on the behaviors we adopt as individuals according to our learned norms and values. I have also found that while gang drug activity is relegated to a small number of jurisdictions, it does support the hypothesis that juveniles that are associated with gangs are more likely than non-gang members to be involved with the use, selling and distribution of drugs. I have also learned that while a juvenile’s drug activity was apparent as a gang member, which was not usually the case either before joining the gang or after departing from the gang. This again supports Sutherland’s differential association theory that we tend to adopt the norms and values of those we are being socialized with. References Armstrong, Todd A. and Chester L. Britt. 2004. â€Å"The Effect of Offender Characteristics On Offense Specialization And Escalation.† Justice Quarterly 21 (4): 843-876 Howell, James C. and Debra K. Gleason. 1999. â€Å"Youth Gang Drug Trafficking.† Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Retrieved November 15, 2007 (ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1 /ojjdp/178282.pdf) Katz, Charles M., Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker. 2005 â€Å"Using The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program To Further Understand The Relationship Between Drug Use And Gang Membership.† Justice Quarterly 22 (1): 58-88 Orcutt, James D. 1983. â€Å"Analyzing Deviance†. Pp 153-163. Retrieved November 18, 2007 (http://deviance.socprobs.net/Unit_3/Theory/DA.htm) Sutherland, Edwin. 2007. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: britannica.com/eb/article- 9343984 Vishner,C. 1991. â€Å"A Comparison of Urinalysis Technologies For Drug Testing In Criminal Justice.† Washington DC : National Institute Of Justice, cited in Charles M. Katz, Vincent J. Webb and Scott H. Decker. 2005. â€Å"Using The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program To Further Understand The Relationship Between Drug Use and Gang Membership.† Justice Quarterly 22 (1) 58-88 Research Papers on The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK SUPERMARKET RETAIL SECTOR Case Study

AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK SUPERMARKET RETAIL SECTOR - Case Study Example The industry is structured in a way that the supply chain is well defined. However major players in the sector who control its operation are the consumers, suppliers, distributors. However the retailers dominate this chain of supply in the industry. The main structural feature of the retail sector in the UK is the centralized production and a defined distribution chain. (Griffith and Harmgart, 2008) Sources of supply Due to the diverse nature of products that are sold in the retail industry in the UK, there are also various sources of raw material for the industry. These sources are both national sources and international sources. This depends on the nature of the products that are being sold in the industry. There are those raw materials which can be sourced from within the nation but there are others that will have to be important. Although some raw materials can be sourced within the UK, the supply does not equal the demand and hence the industry is forced to import from other countries. Most of the manufactured products are sourced from within the local industry. There are various industries in the UK which produced at a competitive rate in the market. However other sectors like the food sector imports most of its raw material since the UK is not endowed in some of the agricultural products. Most of the agricultural products that are produced in the tropical region are imported into the retail market in the UK which forms another supply chain. Agricultural products like tea, flowers, coffee, and other horticultural products and not produced in the UK and are imported from countries like India, Kenya, and from other countries. The service sector in the UK has been seeking services of professionals...As a result there has been increased demand for goods at the retail level. One of the peculiar characteristics that have been witnessed in the UK retail industry is the change in loyalty that customers had earlier held to certain brands of commodity. Apparently, there is a change in the way customers are buying goods and the increased entrance of many players in the retail market has affected the way retail traders conduct their business. Increased competition has seen increased innovation in the industry with shops struggling to hold customers. Customers to the retail industry include those coming from the middle class. Apparently the middle class has been described as the driver of economies since it takes less measures in the way it consumers. Improved economy has seen increased income in the middle class which ahs continued to change with the changing global culture. Like in all other countries, the tide of globalization has brought a change in the culture of the people and more and more people are becoming conscious of what the market can offer. The global culture has also changed towards a spending culture and more and more people are spending in the market. Apparently there has been increased demand in some product while there is decreasing demand of other products.

Creative Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Exercise - Essay Example Instead, the government will rely on the business license renewals, sales taxes, real estate taxes, and other non-individual tax revenues for its operation. I will lead them into a world where education is of the utmost importance and yet costs the parent very little to spend on. It wont be hard to do this because the child will be home schooled by their parents, using the internet as the basis of their classroom setting. Standardized testing of the child will be done by the Department of Education thus, only the testing fees shall be charged as additional government revenue. The test will be the prerequisite to moving on to the next level of education just as in a regular school. The world that I envision is one where people will not want nor lack for anything because all the taxes collected shall go towards providing with public with as much free services as possible. This will include free medical services with nominal fees charged for major operations and procedures. Mine shall be a world with a government that is down-scaled because only the most necessary government offices shall be in place. Redundancy will not exist because government agencies will know how to multitask in the service of the people. The Utopian world that I shall lead the people to will take them back to the simpler times when people grew their own food and farming was the proud way of life that people used to sustain themselves. It is a world where sharing is the key to survival , not money. Of course I shall lead them towards this type of world and lifestyle to the best of my abilities. Whether I successfully lead them or not will depend upon whether they are willing to make sacrifices in order to achieve the utopian society that I will strive to create for everyone

Figuring out the truth Essay Example for Free

Figuring out the truth Essay Everyone has been lied to, mistreated or even betrayed at some point in their life. That feeling is awful, but to be the person that did so wrong should feel even worse because of the pain they caused to someone else. The meaning of this quote to me is very relatable in a lot of ways, being right out of high school I know what its like to have been lied to and feeling like an idiot because you probably believed something that someone told you, you thought was the truth then ended up finding out it was all a lie. People will always find out the truth even if you don’t tell them straight up. So why do we lie? We all have done it and we know its not right but we continue to do it. Do we think that we will always get away with saying something that’s not the truth? Where is lying going to get you in life? It gets you no where, telling the truth may not be the easiest thing but it’s the right thing to do even if you have done wrong and think you should look like a good person and tell a lie to cover up what you had done but telling the truth is actually the right thing to do. People will get in trouble for telling the truth if the truth isn’t what they want to hear and they will also get in trouble for lying because it was the wrong thing to do. The truth may not always be the prettiest but it’s not as ugly as lying about something that someone is going to find out eventually. One day. In the quote Brudzinski mentions that â€Å"one day the truth will emerge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  one day someone is going to find out all the truth. One day someone is going to regret not telling the truth and having to deal with the consequences of what they lied about. Why not just face the truth and get it over with instead of living with the fact that you made someone feel better by telling a lie and knowing that when they found out you didn’t tell them what really was the truth they will feel the complete opposite of when they â€Å"thought† you told them the truth but was really all a lie. This quote to me means that people need to fess up to what they have done right in the beginning then waiting for the truth to come around and having to explain yourself for doing wrong. It relates to me a lot with my friends recently. You really get to know who your true friends are when someone gets caught in a lie. I know I have lied before to my friends to maybe get out of doing something that they all wanted to do and I now think back to that and I know that wasn’t the right thing to do and not just that but all because I didn’t want to do something that everyone else wanted to do seems so selfish. When it comes to lying theres more than not just telling the truth, you can loose friends and family because of something you said wasn’t true. How will someone ever trust you after they find out that you’ve lied to them? This quote relates mostly to middle school and high school girls. It’s the stage where everyone has to fit in so they try there best to do so and a lot of it comes with lies. Trying to fit into the popular crowd in middle school is not an easy task and no body wants to be left out. You have to have the name brand clothes, all of today’s electronics, and not to mention you have to get the boys to notice you. Girls try so hard to fit in now days, if you aren’t this skinny we cant be friends with you, if you don’t go to that concert everyone will think you’re poor. Girls are cruel to each other now days so teenage girls try their best to do what they can to have all the friends they can and lies are tossed around all the time so they can be more popular. Where are the lies getting these girls? All they will ever know is that its ok to be fake and have a mask. Lies turn people into someone there not. Be happy with what you have, you don’t need to throw out lies to just â€Å"fit in†, if someone doesn’t accept you the way you are you wouldn’t want to be friends with them anyways. I believe finding out the truth is the hardest part after being lied to. The fact that someone had to come up with a story to get out of telling the truth is sad. It doesn’t hurt one person but it hurts both people, the one who told the lie and the one who got told the lie. It makes the person who had to come up with a story to avoid the truth look like a betrayer. Don’t be that person, stand up and face the truth, you’re going to have to at some point so why make up a false statement when you could tell the true one. This quote is simply about finding out the truth. Why do people lie? Most people think they will get by most of the time but in the end someone always finds out the truth which is like a corpse in the water, someone is going to find that body eventually and the story will all come together. Why lie when someone is going to find out the truth at some point. â€Å"One day the truth will emerge, like a corpse in the water. † Wieslaw Brudzinski. The other pages. http://www. theotherpages. org/quote-16. html. February 2, 2014.

How Mountains Are Formed :: Informative Essays

How Are Mountains Formed?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mountains are formed over long periods of time by forces of the earth. Mountains just don’t appear in any place. Most are formed when plates, or huge pieces of the Earth’s crust, pull and push against each other. Great mountain ranges are formed by the movement of tectonic plates. Convection currents deep in the mantle of the earth, begins to well up towards the surface. As the pressure increases, it sets the crustal plates in motion. There are different kinds of mountains - Volcanic, Folded, Fault-block, and Dome mountains. Volcanic mountains are formed when magma comes up through cracks in the Earth’s crust and explodes out lava and ash. The Hawaiian volcanoes, Mt. Hood, Mt. Etna, Vesuvius, and Mt. Saint Helens are examples of volcanic mountains. Rocks are hard but in time they can bend or fold producing Folded mountains. The Alps formed as the Eurasian plate pushed against the African plate. Other examples of folded mountains are the Rockies, Himalayas, Appalayas, and the Andes. Fault-block mountains are formed when one plate pushes or pulls away from another plate. In the Earth, hot currents of magma or molten rock may well up and crack the weakened crust above. As the crust cracks, blocks of rock rise or fall forming Fault-block mountains. Examples of these mountains are the Sierra Nevada in California and the Grand Tetons in Wyoming. Dome mountains are formed by the same kind of molten rock that forms Volcanic mountains. As magma comes up in a crack in the Earth’s crust, it does not come to the surface, but the molten rock pushes the ground up into a dome. Examples are Yosemite’s Half Dome, the Adirondacks in New York, and the Black Hills in South Dakota.Some mountains started at the bottom of the sea. How Mountains Are Formed :: Informative Essays How Are Mountains Formed?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mountains are formed over long periods of time by forces of the earth. Mountains just don’t appear in any place. Most are formed when plates, or huge pieces of the Earth’s crust, pull and push against each other. Great mountain ranges are formed by the movement of tectonic plates. Convection currents deep in the mantle of the earth, begins to well up towards the surface. As the pressure increases, it sets the crustal plates in motion. There are different kinds of mountains - Volcanic, Folded, Fault-block, and Dome mountains. Volcanic mountains are formed when magma comes up through cracks in the Earth’s crust and explodes out lava and ash. The Hawaiian volcanoes, Mt. Hood, Mt. Etna, Vesuvius, and Mt. Saint Helens are examples of volcanic mountains. Rocks are hard but in time they can bend or fold producing Folded mountains. The Alps formed as the Eurasian plate pushed against the African plate. Other examples of folded mountains are the Rockies, Himalayas, Appalayas, and the Andes. Fault-block mountains are formed when one plate pushes or pulls away from another plate. In the Earth, hot currents of magma or molten rock may well up and crack the weakened crust above. As the crust cracks, blocks of rock rise or fall forming Fault-block mountains. Examples of these mountains are the Sierra Nevada in California and the Grand Tetons in Wyoming. Dome mountains are formed by the same kind of molten rock that forms Volcanic mountains. As magma comes up in a crack in the Earth’s crust, it does not come to the surface, but the molten rock pushes the ground up into a dome. Examples are Yosemite’s Half Dome, the Adirondacks in New York, and the Black Hills in South Dakota.Some mountains started at the bottom of the sea.

The Importance Of Playgrounds Education Essay

The Special Care Center in Abu Dhabi, an commissioned organisation for Disabled Care and Rehabilitation, is seeking proposals from experient technology companies for the design of a resort area that should be appropriate for kids with assorted disablements. Therefore, the Alta Vista squad decided to transport on the undertaking and design an equal resort area for those kids. Keeping in head that similar jobs have been resolved and similar merchandises have been designed before, which means that we should happen out what is already known about the topic. Thus, farther research on assorted facets of the job should be done as it will supply us with a better apprehension to the job and assist us develop the conceptual design. Furthermore, we will be discoursing the importance of resort areas for handicapped and normal kids and specifically how can playgrounds prepare kids for the remainder of their lives? The desire to play and bask games is a natural desire in all kids no affair how rich or hapless their households are or how much they can travel independently, hear, talk or see. This is supported by Wilson [ 1 ] ; â€Å" All kids and immature people need to play. The urge to play is unconditioned. Play is a biological and psychological and societal necessity, and is cardinal to the healthy development and good being of persons and communities. † Playing times are cherished and valuable for all ages non merely kids, as those memories are unforgettable. If you ask any grownup about a favourite drama memory from their childhood, they will non merely retrieve what they did but they will besides retrieve how they felt [ 1 ] . Well, it is every kid ‘s right to play and experience the equality. Furthermore, David Lloyd George [ 1 ] supported this by stating ; â€Å" The right to play is a childaa‚ ¬a„?s foremost claim on the community. Play is natureaa‚ ¬a„?s preparation for life. No community can conflict that right without making digesting injury to the heads and organic structures of its citizens. † We believe that the above information is valuable for our design undertaking as it highlights some of import points ; 1 ) the construction of the resort area should be interesting adequate and gratifying to be sketched in those kids ‘s memories. 2 ) The resort area should non be particular for handicapped kids merely but accessible for all kids, as this might impact their psychological position by experiencing alone and discriminated from others. The most obvious feature of resort areas is that they provide a interruption from the twenty-four hours ‘s modus operandi. Taking interruptions are considered indispensable for people of all ages and in all Fieldss as it helps increasing the productiveness and watchfulness of the encephalon. This was supported by the experimental research conducted by [ 2 ] , as the consequences found that callback is improved when acquisition is spaced instead than presented all at one time. Furthermore, physical activities in resort area where supported by [ 2, 3 ] to increase fittingness, better attitudes and support acquisition. Those activities do non merely back up instruction, but they besides support kids ‘s wellness ; by cut downing inaction which is associated with fleshiness, which causes wellness jobs such as high blood force per unit area and high cholesterin [ 2, 3 ] . Therefore, resort areas play an indispensable function on kids ‘s physical wellness, and physical wel lness plays an of import function in kids ‘s instruction. As a consequence, supplying particular physical activities that are suited for handicapped kids and accessible for normal kids should be considered while transporting out our design undertaking. The bulk of bing literature has focused on modifying or altering the equipments of resort areas to accommodate kids with particular demands [ 4 ] . However, this is non what is supposed to be done in order to implement inclusion in resort areas, because these discriminatory patterns will frequently do it hard for handicapped kids to fall in in [ 5 ] . What is truly meant by â€Å" Disabled Children † are those who experience favoritism on the land of their damage [ 5 ] . This is supported by [ 5 ] , the societal theoretical account attack developed by handicapped people in 1981, â€Å" Damage is what we have, Disability is what we experience. † Therefore, teacher mediated intercessions and thoughts for developing activities that do non necessitate important environmental alterations are required [ 4 ] . Furthermore, attending should be shifted to the methodological analysiss that might be used in the development of those kids ‘s societal accomplishments as most of those kids exhibit societal accomplishments shortages. Harmonizing to [ 4 ] , toys that promote societal interactions instead than lone drama should be provided, in order to further concerted interactions between kids in resort areas. Therefore, developmentally appropriate playthings and stuffs should be designed and chosen with attention, as to develop the utile accomplishments required to fix those kids for their maturity [ 4, 6 ] . Playgrounds initiate the development of two sorts of indispensable and needed accomplishments for handicapped kids [ 3, 7 ] ; 1 ) motor and physical accomplishments, which are helpful for their fittingness and wellness, 2 ) Soft accomplishments, are those which complement difficult accomplishments ( portion of a individual ‘s IQ ) . We can reason that these accomplishments are good for those kids ‘s instruction. Therefore, we should be able to cognize how to develop these accomplishments and through what sorts of games while carry oning ou r design undertaking? While playing in resort areas, kids do non recognize that they are constructing accomplishments and coordination while they are busy holding merriment [ 3 ] . Play affecting balls, running, starting bubbles, or edifice things are great methods to construct motor accomplishments. In fact, all verbs normally associated with childhood games, such as ; ascent, walk, kick, slide, skip, balance, pull, swing, crawl, and etc, besides go on to be activities that better physical motor accomplishments [ 3 ] . Some activities, mounting constructions and siting bikes, aid in edifice musculuss and increasing fittingness, which makes the pupils healthier and more active [ 3 ] . This is of import for the pupils in the Special Care Center, as handicapped kids do non merely have mental jobs but they besides suffer from physical jobs and need an chance to trip their musculuss and increase their motor accomplishments. Soft accomplishments help kids in constructing their character every bit good as defining and polishing their personalities for those coming grownup old ages [ 7 ] . Each and every game in a resort area has a intent and every game a kid plays in a resort area teaches him a lesson. We will be discoursing the most important and critical lessons that are tough by playing and better kids ‘s soft accomplishments. See-saws give the chance to interact with another kid and develop balance and coordination [ 3 ] . Climbing a slide for the first clip can be a great assurance builder and aid kids learn to take little hazards which increase their bravery [ 3 ] . This is besides depending on how friendly and swearing the environment is, as it gives the childs a opportunity to set themselves on the line a small spot. This teaches them that if they do a error, it is non the terminal of the universe [ 7 ] . Furthermore, resort areas can learn kids how to get by when things do non work out thei r manner, set ends, work toward a common end and keep their self-respect [ 7 ] . The critical portion of playing is larning that they can non ever reach what they want. There are regulations on the resort area, merely like there are regulations in the existent universe [ 7 ] . In order to acquire along or to win, childs have got to understand and stay by those regulations. Therefore, kids have to larn forbearance, how to allow out their defeat without harming themselves or others [ 7 ] . No 1 wins every clip, the resort area is non the lone topographic point to larn that but it provides an chance for it. Once kids learn it on the resort areas they can use it in other topographic points in their lives. They can reassign the accomplishments from the resort area to existent life. Children learn how to voyage through the development of societal and emotional accomplishments, which increases their job work outing accomplishments later in life [ 7 ] . Finally, the resort area offers kids different ways to happen themselves through test and mistake and this is how they learn and win in their hereafter lives [ 7 ] . It besides offers them with an opportunity to ramify out of their comfort zone, prove things out, and experiment with new wonts, behaviours and traits. It gives them a opportunity to take a deep breath and happen the bravery to plunge in and allow travel of errors [ 7 ] . When it comes down to it, it is non an issue of larning how to cover with failure but how to cover with success [ 7 ] . The resort area can assist disenable childs experience more confident about who they are, their abilities and what they are good at. So while carry oning our design we should stress on the importance of equality between the handicapped kids in the Special Care Center and normal kids. In decision, this background reading has provided the Alta Vista squad with important information that will help and back up the design undertaking. In order to hold a successful design, we should see the layout or the construction of the design, by doing it colourful and interesting plenty for kids to research. Furthermore, the construction or the design of the resort area should non be particular for disabled childs merely. The resort area should be accessible by both handicapped and normal kids. As playing together gets kids to concentrate more on what they have in common and less on their differences. When they have an environment that focuses more on their similarities, it is traveling to be more inclusive and respectful of single differences [ 7 ] . Furthermore, before planing each game in a resort area a list of what kids can larn or profit by playing in this game should be planned. In order to be able to supply all the necessary accomplishments required by those kids in their coming up hereafter and back up their instruction and success.

Strategic Planning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3050 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? AIM: STRATEGY IS THE DIRECTION AND SCOPE OF AN ORAGNISATION OVER THE LONG TERM: WHICH ACHIEVES ADVANTAGE FOR THE ORAGANISATION THROUGH ITS CONFIGURATION OF RESOURCES WITHIN A CHALLENGING BUSINESS ENVIROMENT, TO MEET THE NEEDS OF MARKETS AND TO FULFIL STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATION. INTRODUCTION: Strategic planningis the PROCESS by which the GUIDING MEMBERS of an organization ENVISION its future and develop the necessary PROCEDURES AND OPERATIONS to achieve that future (Ross A. Wirth, Ph. D. -blog, 2009, enTARGA) Strategy is nothing but a planning, coordination, execution. The word strategy has military connotations, because it derives from Greek word of general. A Strategy is a plan designed to achieve a goal. In every field like game, business we should have strategy without strategy we cant do anything. Strategy is different from tactics. All the company should have a strategy to achieve the goal and survive in the market and to fulfill the expectation of stakeholder (one who interest or affect in the business). Stakeholder involves owmers, managers, shareholder, creditors, customers, employees, suppliers, government, local community etc. The organization should follow the strategy planning process to achieve the goal in the business. In these there are 5 ste ps stated as: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Planning" essay for you Create order Mission and objectives to initiate the goal or mission and easily understand. Environmental scanning involves External environment such as PEST analysis, internal analysis such as SWOT analysis, task analysis such as porter five forces Strategy formulation in these company should realize the strengths to match its opportunities and also known the weakness and external threats. Strategy implementation is to implement the mission by means of programs, budgets and procedures firm resources and motivation of the staff to achieve objectives. Evaluation and control control and evaulated the strategy after implementing. Three level of strategy are corporate strategy, competitive or business strategy, Operational or functional strategy. For perfect strategy planning we have to work in business ethics. All the staffs, manager, strategy maker have to work in organize way to achieve the goal and fulfill the expectation of stakeholders. Planner or strategy maker have skill to realize the competition in the market and make the plan or strategy which is easily to understand by everyone and it is new and fresh that surprise the competitor. Planner should improve there service of his mission to get more profit. Planner also knows the present and future aspects of this mission. The planner has also think about the distribution and sale facility of its mission. Strategy are making in ethical ways that it does not affect the moral values and culture of the people, employer and society. Strategy is making by consider all the factors like legislation, geographic, financial, social and political that affecting business. Strategy are making in such a way that it will always success and fulfill the expectation of the stakeholder. Strategy planning is to bring together,think and execute in ethical way. Analysis What is long term strategic planning process? Why it is direction and scope of oraganisation? The startegy is direction and scope of business. This will give an efective enviroment to work in cordinate or together.For An effective approach of planning to achieve first organization is clear of mission or goal the,startegy maker and managers who make the strategy they should follow certain steps which are in circular form and action steps. The first step is to think or initiate the mission or goal and then agree on that mission by readiness assessment plan for planning and they also have business knowlegde. They also have to consider the sales target and all the financial aspects. This project is profitable or not in sort they have to measures the earnings growth. Then the planner or manager or strategy maker should think that what is the requirement and expectation of these projects. This is an must thing or mandatory thing that strategy maker have to think they must know the various requirement such as raw material, land, restriction such as government policies legislation,goverment policies, wars and conflicts etc ,expectation such as earning growth, sales target fulfil the requirement of stake holder and constraints faces. Strategy maker should also know the broadcast sense. So we have to know how to deal with the media. Clarify this all steps again what is the purposes by stakeholder. In tandem to the mission and objective the strategy maker must analyze the environmental scanning. The environmental scanning contains three contains three components stated as: Internal analysis of the organization such as SWOT analysis Analysis of the firms industry (task environment) External macro environment (PEST analysis) External microenvironments are explained by the PEST analysis. Pest means political, economicl, social, technolgy factors that influence the business. Pest is factor which is useful tool or responsible for market high or low, reputation, direction for a business. Pest is also known acronymic as step, this step is taken by all the organization to avoid all threats and success in the market. In political factors involves ecological, environmental, all type legislation or law(future, current, international), regulatory bodies and processes, government policies, government term and change, trading policies, funding, grants and initiatives, home market pressure- groups, international pressure- groups, wars and conflicts. Economic factors are Size/growths, inflation rates, exchange rates, income, international trade and monetary policy, unemployment, fiscal policy, general taxation, overseas economies specific, industry factors, market routes trends, distribution trends. Social factors are lifestyle in an area, demographics (age, sex, geography), Consumer behavior and opinions, media views for brand, company, technology image consumer buying patterns, fashion and role models, ethical issues , culture, value, ethical factors, religious factor and marketing and publicity. Technological factors are competing technology development, research funding, associated and dependent technologies, maturity of technology, manufacturing maturity and capacity, good information and communications exchange, consumer buying mechanisms and technology, technology legislation, innovation potential, technology access, licensing, patents, intellectual property issues and global communications. Internal analysis is done by swot analysis. A SWOT analysis is strength, weakness, opportunities, threats. A SWOT analysis measures a business unit while a PEST analysis measures a market. SWOT analysis is done by an idea and preposition. A SWOT analysis is the personal evaluatio n of the firm which helps in making decision, understanding, presentation, discussion and decision making. It is an idea decision making, preposition, method and option. STRENGTH: Strength is a factor which involves company name or brand name and value in the market. Organizations strength is its product and sales whose flow is conrolled and in proper direction and its reliability for end-users. Products quality and durability makes strength for organization. Products constant performance in competitive environment and its best quality and superior services to customer decides companys future. Organizations communication and behavior to customer and customer service is also strong factor for bright future of organization. Organizations strong background, history, it marketing and publicity strategy makes organizations future secure. And secure future is the strength for organization. They should have better product quality and reliability then the competitor. The management should committed to the work and confident to their mission Weakness When organization is passing through crisis at that time weakness reflects. Weakness for organization demolishes its future and its fame in market. If organizations behavior, its attitude regarding to supplier and customer as well as consumer is not professional then they are consider as a weak point for organization. Budget, raw material for products, products manufacturing environment, issues regarding to management according to departments in company and improper time management for supply and delivery to customer and lack in services to staff members as well as stakeholders are also consider as weakness of organization. Opportunity By company prospective we have to grab every opportunity to success in the future. We have to take decision that surprise the competitors if the rival have poor quality of product. Company has extent its business to overseas market and also seen its profit margin. Customers is also taken action to the new product and like the product. Threats: The first or big threat is from ruling government, law and rules. Dont know the challenger plan and market nature. The new tax plan is made by the government. Fear of failure new technology services ideas is using. Loss of key member from the strategy planning due to some reason. Environmental problem such as flood earth quake etc. drop down of home and abroad economy. Not have enough creditors for support of our back. Conflict or barrier between partners and contract. Task analysis is done by porters five analysis. American Michael Porter was born in 1947. After initially graduating in aeronautical engineering, Porter achieved an economics doctorate at Harvard, where he was subsequently awarded university professorship, a position he continues to fulfill at Harvard Business School. His research group is based at the Harvard Business School, and separately he co-founded with Mark Kramer the Foundation Strategy Group, a mission-driven social enterprise, dedicated to advancing the practice of philanthropy and corporate social investment, through consulting to foundations and corporations. A prime example of someone operating at aself-actualizationlevel if ever there was one. New Market Entrants The entry of the entrant is easy and competing with existing market business effectively. The new strategy of goal is fresh new and it make sense in the people and its makes in consider of all geographical factors like pollution and all the natural resources is needed, all the barriers in the market and present conflict. The routes to the market is easy. Supplier Power The reputation of organization makes positive environment for future. Good customer service and relationship is necessary which help in the growing business. The quality of the product is improved and good which increase the sale of the product. Organization should know the ecological experience in an area for easily getting the raw material and supplying the goods easily at any time. Organization should pass tender for supplying company goods. Competitive Rivalry: To achieve the success in the business we have to know how to deal with competitor. Company or organisation should know how many rivalry companies are making same product and also what is there expenses and revenue. For deciding cost of product always taking in consider rival product cost, facility and scope. Company strategy is different, unique, fresh and new from rival company. Buyer Power Organization should target the buyer to buy their goods. Organization also knows the sales target and give good service to buyer or customer in return they buy the product again and again these will increase the sale of product and profit. Change the product cost seasonally by giving offer to the buyer. Product and Technology Development Organization should launch their product of improve quality and cheap from other by using the technology. They have good marketing strategy and distribution facility. We have to respect all the law made by the government and environment. Product will change the society culture and trend. We make such type of which is necessary part of their life. Strategy Formulation In strategy Formulation Company have to develop all the details of a plan for doing something. The information from the environmental scan, internal scan and task analysis, the company have to equals its strengths and opportunities that it is documented, and also deal with its external threats and weakness. The company should have good competitive knowledge, how to enter in the in the market and survive. Strategy Implementation Tandem to strategy formulation the strategy now selected and implemented in manner of funds, plan, agenda, program, resources, and procedures. Implementation involves organization assets and motivation of the staff to achieve goals. The startegy is implemented in such way that it will successful. In big company like MNC those who formulated the strategy is different from those implemented thats we have to take extra careless and good communication between these two for the success of strategy. Evaluation Control The last stage is strategy process is evaluation and control. For this firm has to measure the performance of mission and control this performance to achieve the success and profit. If there is some defect in the mission company should make change to mission that is suitable for its future. Compare the performance of this mission to previous mission and evaluated. Case study: For e.g. If PEPSI wants to launch a new drink a country. First the manger of Pepsi should know the people taste what they like or not, there culture and religious value; make the strategy which does not affect their social factor. They should follow all the rule and regulation of government and environmental, tax system and economic condition. Managers should know the strategy of other cola company in a country. what they offering to customer and what is there weakness. Launch the product with a bang with new taste and better quality from other cola company. The new drink is fresh and different from other company which will increase the sale of the product and it will fulfill the expectation of the stakeholder Pepsi has very big name so in marketing campaign there is no problem. Big names of country will easily join the marketing campaign. This will give the new opportunity to PepsiCo to launch other product and get more financial backup. These will grow the company sales and play an major part of in home economy by giving sponsorship to government event and other social event. These will fulfill the expectation of stakeholder. Why strategy planning is more important than ever for organization? Leaders, managers, strategy maker, and planner of organization or firm or company are in front of various types of problem and challenge. The number of thoughtless idea that affecting the social and economical culture such as population and huge generation gap between the ages changes in the attitude of the family political opposition to change and innovation, tax cuts and rates limits concern about health and safety, filling the gap between rich and poor people. Impressive development in the use of informational technology, mobile phones fear about the terrorism all these factors are think by the strategy before implements the strategy. Consider the ill, health, unemployenent rates global change in the environment and poverty. To make the effective strategy considers all these factors. Benefits of strategy planning If organization want to survive in the market or survive in the market has to face this type of challenges. they have to response to these factors immediately to maintain there stability and reputation in the market. Strategy planning is to achieve the success in the business and achieve profit in the business. In sort it is to how the company and spread the business to achieve the business. Strategy thinking, acting, and learning espesicially through dialogue and strategic conversation among key actors(vander hejiden, 1996). Strategy acting,learning,culture and thinking is to encouraged in order to collection of data made from external, internal, and task analysis for the the success and failure of the strategy mission for an organization firm. Thinker, planner and manager should know the need of the people in the market what is there priority. Clear all the future direction. Strategy planning is the impartial way or neutral path for doing business. Strategy planning i s improve the decision making. To formulate or make and communicate with stakeholders what is their direction, path, intention, objective, goal, aim, target of this strategy. Strategy planning process has positive vibes on social and economic ways. It change trend of the people because of this education rate is increasing and unemployment rate is decreasing. How strategy fulfils the expectation of the stake holder? Stakeholder is a person, group of people, organization or system who affects the business or who have interest in the business. Stakeholder are of two type Internal stakeholder includes Employees, Owners, and Managers. External stakeholder includes suppliers, customer, suppliers, society, government, creditors, and shareholder. If the strategy is successful it will fulfill the stakeholder expectation. The owner and shareholder will get the profit which will help in the future aspects. Government get more tax for the new mission and it also low the unemployment. It will helps in growth in economy. Senior staff management staff will get the performance bonus and they also get respect and promotion in company. If they achieve the target they will grow this mission to next level. Non managerial staff will get the increase in the salary if the strategy is implemented successful. They also get job security because they have outstanding work. Trade unions will get the good working condition they will also get the good salary and also health and safety facility. They also get the good experience to work in these good conditions. Customers will get the value and respect because all this done for them. They will get the better quality in fewer prices, good customer service. They get the product which is useful for them in all sense. Creditors will get more contracts because of successful of these of mission. There reputation or name in the market will go up. Because of this they will get more liquidity. Local community will get the job and they also trend of the society. it also increase the employment in an area. They will also get the chance to involve in these missions. CONCLUTION: Company should make the strategy by giving first preference and priority to the stakeholder expectation. To fulfill the expectation of the stakeholder company should work together in ethical way; follow all the steps of the strategic planning process. Respect and follow all the government legislation, environmental condition and social value and culture. Strategy maker should know the scope and direction of its strategy and it is easy to understand. Strategy maker is focus and have future vision for its strategy. Excellent communication between internal and external stakeholders and use technology for the better quality of product in less price to achieve profit. Strategy is make in such a way that it change the fashion and trend of the people and be the part of their life. Strategy scope and direction is clear to realize the expectation. Analyze all the business and competitive strategy needs by external, internal and task analysis. Strategy is new, revolutionary, fresh and unique from the rival. Thats why strategy is need, scope and direction of the business to achieve in the success and fulfill all expectation of the stakeholders.